Investigación evaluativa sobre la educación pública de secundaria: Los criterios de equidad y permanencia.
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2018
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Este estudio tiene como objetivo general. Analizar los procesos de evaluación sobre educación pública de secundaria a partir de los criterios de equidad del sistema educativo, así como la permanencia del estudiantado. Para llevarlo a cabo, se ha recurrido a la consulta documental referente a evaluaciones del sistema educativo. También se han consultado evaluaciones realizadas en otros países de América Latina. La revisión y análisis de los documentos localizados sobre evaluación del sistema educativo, permitió elaborar el primer producto sobre contextualización teórica, el cual reúne una discusión sobre equidad, acceso, permanencia y deserción. Además, se recupera la reflexión sobre los criterios y parámetros en que se evalúa la educación secundaria, con los aportes obtenidos de las entrevistas a las Direcciones Regionales del Ministerio de Educación Pública de San José, Pérez Zeledón, Cartago y Ciudad Quesada. Entre las conclusiones están las siguientes:
• La evaluación social y la búsqueda de la equidad en el sistema educativo busca fortalecer un modelo de desarrollo económico, que cae en una profunda contradicción con los objetivos del capital. Sin embargo, la búsqueda de equidad al acceso no pretende otra cosa más que generar mano de obra capacitada para un mercado laboral rígidamente definido, además de que en tanto mercado laboral perpetúa la ley del más fuerte en el campo de la educación.
• La evaluación de la equidad educativa, pocas veces se realiza con una modalidad participativa, pluralista y reivindicativa. La sospecha es que esto ocurre porque tampoco hay interés de potenciar reivindicaciones de aquellas personas, sectores, poblaciones quienes históricamente han encarnado la inequidad social y educativa.
• Se concluye con la relevancia e importancia de establecer a la evaluación social en una ruta programática que se contrapone a las perspectivas centradas en la estandarización de las destrezas, las habilidades y los conocimientos (pruebas PISA); sustentadas en el control, la eficiencia de la ejecución presupuestaria y la respuesta a los objetivos cumplidos en instituciones y acciones estatales.
• Se evidencia que el término de permanencia no es el más utilizado o no existe mayor preocupación por potenciar la permanencia en el sistema educativo. Más bién, parece que al sistema le favorece mantener cierto nivel de exclusión o de deserción. En esto valga ejemplificar con el Programa Avancemos que si bien es cierto aporta a las familias y a jóvenes para que permanezcan dentro del sistema educativo, en muchos casos, es por acceder al monto de la transferencia y no al interés por el desarrollo educativo.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of this study is to analyze the evaluation processes of high school public education based on equality criteria of the educational system as well as student permanence. To carry it out, resources regarding assessments of the educational system were sought. In addition, evaluations carried out in other Latin American countries were consulted. The revision and analysis of the documents on the evaluation of the educational system allowed for the development of the first article on theoretical context which brings together a discussion of equity, access, permanence and drop-out. Also, there is a reflection on the criteria and parameters on which high school education is assessed with the contributions obtained from the interviews to the Regional Department of the Ministry of Public Education of San José, Perez Zeledón, Cartago and Ciudad Quesada. Among the conclusions, it can be mentioned: • The social assessment and the search for equity in the educational system seeks to strengthen a model of economic development which falls in a deep contradiction with the objectives of capital. However, the pursuit to access equity does not intended for anything other than generate a skilled force for a job market rigidly defined, and also that said job market perpetuates the law of the strongest in the field of education. • The assessment of educational equity is very rarely conducted with a participatory, pluralistic and demanding method. It is suspicious that this occurs because of a lack of interest of encouraging the demands of those people, sectors, populations who historically have embodied the social and educational inequity. • The conclusion is that the relevance and importance of establishing the social assessment in a path that contrasts the perspectives focused on standardizing skills, abilities knowledge (PISA tests) which is based on control, efficiency of the implementation of budget, and the response to objectives completed in institutions and state activities. • There is evidence that the term of permanence is not the most used nor is there concern for encouraging permanence in the educational system. Rather, it seems that the system favors maintaining a level of exclusion or desertion. Thus, the example of the Avancemos Program is worth mentioning since even though it gives support to families and young people, in order to remain in the educational system, in many cases, said families and youth participate only to have access to the transfer of money and not as an interest in educational growth.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of this study is to analyze the evaluation processes of high school public education based on equality criteria of the educational system as well as student permanence. To carry it out, resources regarding assessments of the educational system were sought. In addition, evaluations carried out in other Latin American countries were consulted. The revision and analysis of the documents on the evaluation of the educational system allowed for the development of the first article on theoretical context which brings together a discussion of equity, access, permanence and drop-out. Also, there is a reflection on the criteria and parameters on which high school education is assessed with the contributions obtained from the interviews to the Regional Department of the Ministry of Public Education of San José, Perez Zeledón, Cartago and Ciudad Quesada. Among the conclusions, it can be mentioned: • The social assessment and the search for equity in the educational system seeks to strengthen a model of economic development which falls in a deep contradiction with the objectives of capital. However, the pursuit to access equity does not intended for anything other than generate a skilled force for a job market rigidly defined, and also that said job market perpetuates the law of the strongest in the field of education. • The assessment of educational equity is very rarely conducted with a participatory, pluralistic and demanding method. It is suspicious that this occurs because of a lack of interest of encouraging the demands of those people, sectors, populations who historically have embodied the social and educational inequity. • The conclusion is that the relevance and importance of establishing the social assessment in a path that contrasts the perspectives focused on standardizing skills, abilities knowledge (PISA tests) which is based on control, efficiency of the implementation of budget, and the response to objectives completed in institutions and state activities. • There is evidence that the term of permanence is not the most used nor is there concern for encouraging permanence in the educational system. Rather, it seems that the system favors maintaining a level of exclusion or desertion. Thus, the example of the Avancemos Program is worth mentioning since even though it gives support to families and young people, in order to remain in the educational system, in many cases, said families and youth participate only to have access to the transfer of money and not as an interest in educational growth.
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EVALUACIÓN, EQUIDAD, EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA, EVALUATION, EQUITY, SECONDARY EDUCATION