Estudio de la dinámica en familias con personas adolescentes desde un enfoque sistémico: Uso de cámara de Gesell como método didáctico audiovisual
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2023
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INIE
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El estudio tuvo por objetivo general analizar la estructura y la dinámica familiar desde el enfoque sistémico familiar con hijas e hijos adolescentes que se encuentran insertos en el sistema educativo.
Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se contactó con las familias que participaron en la investigación, la elaboración y aplicación del consentimiento informado, el cual contempla el uso de la cámara de Gesell como medio para contar con datos visuales. Asimismo, se obtuvo el aval para que las personas estudiantes de la Maestría en Orientación Familiar participaran en las sesiones, tanto como observadoras, o bien, como practicantes. La investigación se realizó con seis familias con personas adolescentes pertenecientes al sistema educativo formal. Entre los criterios de inclusión se encuentran los siguientes: 1- La participación de al menos tres personas de forma voluntaria. 2- La persona adolescente debía estar cursando el colegio. 3- Las personas participantes tendrían que vivir en el mismo lugar. 4-Todas las personas debían firmar el consentimiento informado y responsabilizarse a participar o a retirarse en el momento que lo desearán.
De esta forma, el presente proyecto investigó la estructura y la dinámica de las familias participantes contemplando el uso de cámara de Gesell como método didáctico audiovisual. Lo anterior, permitió a las personas investigadoras y estudiantado mantener un contacto directo y académico con las familias participantes. A su vez, la investigación permitió sistematizar las experiencias de las investigadoras en el trabajo con familias, fundamentadas desde una óptica sistémica. Por consiguiente, esta perspectiva posibilita comprender la forma en que la estructura familiar se encuentra sujeta al influjo de la cultura y de la sociedad.
Entre las conclusiones se encuentra las siguientes: se logró el objetivo 1 mediante el análisis de los diferentes tipos de familias. Entre las principales organizaciones familiares destacan las nucleares, monoparentales, jefeadas por mujeres y otras reconstruidas. Cabe indicar que todas vivenciaban la complejidad propia de las familias en el marco de un contexto cambiante. Aunado a ello, estos sistemas atravesaban un periodo post pandemia, lo que le implicó a las familias asumir nuevos retos. Entre ellos, destaca mayor tiempo de convivencia, así como el estrés que experimentaron las familias con menos recursos económicos en función de la sobrevivencia familiar.
Asimismo, en la etapa del ciclo vital familiar con hijos e hijas adolescentes, se evidencia que los miembros adolescentes de la familia se encuentran cumpliendo sus propias tareas de desarrollo evolutivo individual, mientras sus padres, madres o personas encargadas viven sus propios procesos individuales. Lo anterior retrata claramente que las familias se encuentran dentro de un clima relacional dentro del que las personas crecen, sueñan y superan los retos propios que la vida les presenta.
Por su parte, se concluye que, a pesar de la diversidad y complejidad de las diferentes familias intervenidas en el marco del proceso de investigación, todas mostraron logros significativos durante las sesiones familiares. Cabe mencionar que estos logros fueron producto del acompañamiento profesional, pero principalmente de los propios recursos de cada grupo familiar.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of the study was to analyze the family structure and dynamics from the family systemic approach with adolescent daughters and sons who are inserted in the educational system. To carry out the study, the families who will participate in the research were contacted, the preparation and application of informed consent, which includes the use of the Gesell camera as a means of obtaining visual data. Likewise, approval was obtained for students of the Master's Degree in Family Counseling to participate in the sessions, either as observers or as practitioners. The research was carried out with six families with adolescents belonging to the formal educational system. Among the inclusion criteria are the following: 1- The participation of at least three people on a voluntary basis. 2- The adolescent must be attending school. 3- The participating people would have to live in the same place. 4-All people had to sign the informed consent and take responsibility for participating or withdrawing at any time they wish. In this way, the present project investigated the structure and dynamics of the participating families contemplating the use of the Gesell camera as an audiovisual teaching method. The above allowed the researchers and students to maintain direct and academic contact with the participating families. In turn, the research allowed us to systematize the researchers' experiences in working with families, based on a systemic perspective. Consequently, this perspective makes it possible to understand the way in which the family structure is subject to the influence of culture and society. Among the conclusions are the following: objective 1 was achieved through the analysis of the different types of families. Among the main family organizations, nuclear, single-parent, women-led and other reconstructed organizations stand out. It should be noted that all of them experienced the complexity of families within the framework of a changing context. In addition to this, these systems were going through a post-pandemic period, which meant that families took on new challenges. Among them, the longer time of coexistence stands out, as well as the stress experienced by families with fewer economic resources based on family survival. Likewise, in the stage of the family life cycle with adolescent sons and daughters, it is evident that the adolescent members of the family are fulfilling their own tasks of individual evolutionary development, while their fathers, mothers or caregivers live their own individual processes. The above clearly portrays that families are within a relational climate within which people grow, dream and overcome the challenges that life presents to them. For its part, it is concluded that, despite the diversity and complexity of the different families intervened within the framework of the research process, all showed significant achievements during the family sessions. It is worth mentioning that these achievements were the product of professional support, but mainly of the resources of each family group.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of the study was to analyze the family structure and dynamics from the family systemic approach with adolescent daughters and sons who are inserted in the educational system. To carry out the study, the families who will participate in the research were contacted, the preparation and application of informed consent, which includes the use of the Gesell camera as a means of obtaining visual data. Likewise, approval was obtained for students of the Master's Degree in Family Counseling to participate in the sessions, either as observers or as practitioners. The research was carried out with six families with adolescents belonging to the formal educational system. Among the inclusion criteria are the following: 1- The participation of at least three people on a voluntary basis. 2- The adolescent must be attending school. 3- The participating people would have to live in the same place. 4-All people had to sign the informed consent and take responsibility for participating or withdrawing at any time they wish. In this way, the present project investigated the structure and dynamics of the participating families contemplating the use of the Gesell camera as an audiovisual teaching method. The above allowed the researchers and students to maintain direct and academic contact with the participating families. In turn, the research allowed us to systematize the researchers' experiences in working with families, based on a systemic perspective. Consequently, this perspective makes it possible to understand the way in which the family structure is subject to the influence of culture and society. Among the conclusions are the following: objective 1 was achieved through the analysis of the different types of families. Among the main family organizations, nuclear, single-parent, women-led and other reconstructed organizations stand out. It should be noted that all of them experienced the complexity of families within the framework of a changing context. In addition to this, these systems were going through a post-pandemic period, which meant that families took on new challenges. Among them, the longer time of coexistence stands out, as well as the stress experienced by families with fewer economic resources based on family survival. Likewise, in the stage of the family life cycle with adolescent sons and daughters, it is evident that the adolescent members of the family are fulfilling their own tasks of individual evolutionary development, while their fathers, mothers or caregivers live their own individual processes. The above clearly portrays that families are within a relational climate within which people grow, dream and overcome the challenges that life presents to them. For its part, it is concluded that, despite the diversity and complexity of the different families intervened within the framework of the research process, all showed significant achievements during the family sessions. It is worth mentioning that these achievements were the product of professional support, but mainly of the resources of each family group.
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Orientación profesional, Educación a la vida familiar, Enseñanza audiovisual, Familia, Adolescencia, Professional orientation, Family life education, Audiovisual teaching, Family, Adolescence