Estrategias y técnicas didácticas en educación matemática.
No hay miniatura disponible
Archivos
Fecha
2016
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
INIE
Resumen
El proyecto tuvo como objetivo: Analizar diferentes estrategias didácticas, propuestas en la literatura educativa y las implementadas durante las lecciones de Matemática para la enseñanza aprendizaje de esta disciplina, con el fin de determinar las más pertinentes y aplicarlas en el desarrollo de las diferentes temáticas del Programa de Estudios de Matemática del Ministerio de Educación Pública.
La investigación se desarrollará con grupos de estudiantes de secundaria, estudiantes de la carrera de Enseñanza de la Matemática (estudiantes avanzados de la carrera), docentes en servicio en colegios públicos y privados, docentes universitarios y asesores nacionales de Matemática del Ministerio de Educación Pública.
Para la recolección de los datos se utilizan técnicas de la investigación cualitativa, tales como el grupo focal y la observación no participante. Por otro lado, el cuestionario semi estructurado para las entrevistas a estudiantes y docentes. Además, el análisis documental se utiliza para el análisis del Programa de Estudio de Matemática. La investigación consta de tres etapas: a) exploración de resultados y análisis de los programas de estudio de matemática vigentes, b) implementación de estrategias didácticas y c) valoración de experiencias.
Algunas conclusiones a las que llegó el estudio son las siguientes:
Los docentes de Matemática participantes en el estudio, evidencian poco conocimiento de las estrategias didácticas, técnicas o actividades para el trabajo con la Matemática, este hallazgo podría deberse a que predominan clases tradicionales (Espeleta, 2014) y según los datos obtenidos, el docente tiende a aprender de sus profesores formadores. Se evidencia que según las creencias del docente acerca de la naturaleza de la Matemática se toman decisiones para el trabajo en el aula.
El enfoque curricular constructivista ha calado en los docentes costarricenses como el enfoque alternativo al tradicional. Sin embargo, no existe evidencia de utilizarse mediante las mejores estrategias de enseñanza y evaluación. Por otro lado, el nuevo Programa de Matemática sugiere una serie de componentes curriculares que no se saben implementar, como lo son las habilidades matemáticas y que están relacionadas con las estrategias para implementar en las clases de Matemática. El trabajo en grupo que se sugiere en el Programa como momento de la clase, es utilizado sin mayor cambio al de una clase tradicional, resultados obtenidos en todos los grupos estudiados.
Los docentes de Matemática sienten que han innovado o son muy creativos al planear actividades como juegos, trabajo en grupo o resolver un problema. Sin embargo, al analizar la experiencia, se encuentra que no se planea ni se vinculan la actividad con el contenido matemático que se enseña ni tampoco se utilizan para explotar el potencial que podrían tener. Parece que los docentes de las nuevas generaciones dan más importancia al trabajo en grupo que a las clases magistrales. De igual modo, se descuidan los cierres de clases y se deja de llamar la atención de todos los estudiantes cuando es necesario.
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project was to analyze different didactic strategies, that were initially proposed in the educational literature and which were then implemented during the teaching and learning lessons for mathematics, in order to determine the most relevant and apply them in the development of the different topics of the Mathematics Program of the Ministry of Public Education. The research was developed with groups of high school students, students from the Teaching Mathematics Major (advanced in the major), in-service teachers from public and private high schools, university professors and national advisors of Mathematics of the Ministry of Public Education. In order to collect data, qualitative research techniques, such as the focal group and non-participating observation were used. On the other hand, the semi-structure questionnaire for interviews with students and teachers were applied. In addition, the document analysis was used to analyze the Mathematics Program. The research consists of three stages: a) examine results and analyze current mathematics programs, b) implement didactic strategies and c) assess experiences. Some of the conclusions reached in the study are: The mathematics teachers participating in the study show little knowledge of the didactic strategies, techniques and activities to work with in Mathematics. This finding could be due to the predominance of traditional classes (Espeleta, 2014), and according to obtained data, the teacher tends to learn from their teacher educators. It is evident that based on the teacher's beliefs on the nature of Mathematics, decisions are made for classroom work. The constructivist curricular approach has been the alternative approach to the traditional one for Costa Rican teachers. However, there is no evidence of it being used through better teaching strategies and evaluations. On the other hand, the new Mathematics Program suggests a series of curricular components that are not clear on how to implement them such as mathematical skills that are related to the strategies to be implementation in Mathematics classes. The group work suggested in the Program as a moment of the class work is utilized without further change to the that of a traditional class. These results were obtained in all the groups studied. The Mathematics teachers feel they have innovated or are very creative in planning activities such as games, group work or solving a problem. However, in analyzing the experience, it is found that the activity is not planned or linked to the mathematical content that is taught nor used to exploit the potential they might have. It seems that teachers of the new generations give more importance to group work than to lectures. Similarly, class closures are neglected and reprimanding students is not done when necessary.
ABSTRACT: The objective of the project was to analyze different didactic strategies, that were initially proposed in the educational literature and which were then implemented during the teaching and learning lessons for mathematics, in order to determine the most relevant and apply them in the development of the different topics of the Mathematics Program of the Ministry of Public Education. The research was developed with groups of high school students, students from the Teaching Mathematics Major (advanced in the major), in-service teachers from public and private high schools, university professors and national advisors of Mathematics of the Ministry of Public Education. In order to collect data, qualitative research techniques, such as the focal group and non-participating observation were used. On the other hand, the semi-structure questionnaire for interviews with students and teachers were applied. In addition, the document analysis was used to analyze the Mathematics Program. The research consists of three stages: a) examine results and analyze current mathematics programs, b) implement didactic strategies and c) assess experiences. Some of the conclusions reached in the study are: The mathematics teachers participating in the study show little knowledge of the didactic strategies, techniques and activities to work with in Mathematics. This finding could be due to the predominance of traditional classes (Espeleta, 2014), and according to obtained data, the teacher tends to learn from their teacher educators. It is evident that based on the teacher's beliefs on the nature of Mathematics, decisions are made for classroom work. The constructivist curricular approach has been the alternative approach to the traditional one for Costa Rican teachers. However, there is no evidence of it being used through better teaching strategies and evaluations. On the other hand, the new Mathematics Program suggests a series of curricular components that are not clear on how to implement them such as mathematical skills that are related to the strategies to be implementation in Mathematics classes. The group work suggested in the Program as a moment of the class work is utilized without further change to the that of a traditional class. These results were obtained in all the groups studied. The Mathematics teachers feel they have innovated or are very creative in planning activities such as games, group work or solving a problem. However, in analyzing the experience, it is found that the activity is not planned or linked to the mathematical content that is taught nor used to exploit the potential they might have. It seems that teachers of the new generations give more importance to group work than to lectures. Similarly, class closures are neglected and reprimanding students is not done when necessary.
Descripción
Palabras clave
MATEMÁTICAS, ESTRATEGIAS EDUCATIVAS, EDUCACIÓN, CURRÍCULO (EDUCACIÓN), ENSEÑANZA, MÉTODOS PEDAGÓGICOS, MATHEMATICS, EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES, CURRICULUM (EDUCATION), TEACHING, PEDAGOGICAL METHODS, EDUCATION