Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) como herramientas de apoyo en el aula para promover la comprensión y práctica de la lectura, con un grupo de estudiantes de una sección de sexto año del II ciclo de la Educación General Básica en una escuela pública urbana de San Ramón.
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2014
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INIE
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo comprender lo que está sucediendo con la incorporación de las TIC al aula como herramientas de apoyo para la comprensión y práctica de la lectura y la dinámica en el aula en las niñas y los niños de sexto grado participantes en la Escuela Laboratorio San Ramón.
La etapa inicial corresponde a la recolección de los datos a través de las entrevistas a profundidad, observaciones a la docente, anotaciones, registros, aplicación de instrumentos y videograbaciones del ambiente del aula, todos procesos de acompañamiento a la docente. Una vez obtenidos los datos se organizó la información para el análisis. El instrumento de comprensión lectora para el diagnóstico relacionado con el nivel que tiene el grupo de estudiantes, se hizo de acuerdo con una clasificación de los ítems que corresponda a la comprensión literal, interpretativa y crítica y que nos permitió establecer un informe estadístico por estudiante. El instrumento se aplicó en formato digital y en formato impreso para establecer comparaciones entre ambos soportes con respecto al desempeño de las niñas y los niños. Los participantes son estudiantes de ambos sexos, de edades entre los 11 y 12 años, que cursan el sexto año del II ciclo de Educación General Básica de la Escuela Laboratorio San Ramón, el total de participantes fue de 30 estudiantes y se trabajó con dos docentes.
Algunos de los resultados más importantes son los siguientes:
En resumen, las estrategias utilizadas por la docente son generalmente de control sobre el trabajo de las niñas y los niños, así como de seguimiento para su producción. Por la naturaleza del trabajo se toman estrategias directivas, pues lo que se pretende es un producto terminado que se oriente hacia la concreción de un proyecto definido por la Fundación Omar Dengo para ese grado, de manera que la docente se siente forzada a avanzar rápidamente para el logro de los objetivos.
Los textos que los niños y las niñas escuchan como actividades para motivar la lectura, les resultan aburridos porque son muy básicos para el nivel de escolaridad que tienen la mayor parte del grupo, por lo que ellas y ellos manifiestan aburrirse con este tipo de narraciones. Además, algunos de los temas que son tratados en dichos textos provocan que las discusiones no trasciendan más allá del nivel de lectura.
Otro desacierto metodológico que convendría retomar por parte de la institución educativa es que aún cuando la docente de informática y la docente de español participan en las lecciones de informática educativa, esta última manifiesta no tener conocimiento sobre informática, por lo que no puede colaborar de forma activa en el proceso de aprendizaje de las niñas y los niños, desaprovechando así un recurso valioso para la consecución de los logros planteados en los proyectos porque no puede realizar una intervención pedagógica.
ABSTRACT: This research aims to understand what is happening with the incorporation of ICT in the classroom as support tools for reading comprehension and practice, and the classroom dynamics between sixth grade girls and boys from the Laboratory School in San Ramón. The initial stage corresponds to the collection of the data through in-depth interviews, teacher observations, annotations, records, application of instruments and videotaping of the classroom environment, all processes of that aid the teacher. Once the data was obtained, the information for the analysis was organized. The reading comprehension instrument used for the diagnosis related to the level of the group of students, was made according to a classification of the items that correspond to the literal, interpretive and critical comprehension, and that allowed us to establish a statistical report per student. The instrument was applied in digital and printed format to establish comparisons between the two supports which relate to the performance of the girls and boys. The participants are students of both sexes, aged between 11 and 12 years, who are sixth grades of the cycle II of the General Basic Education at the Laboratory School San Ramón; the total participants were 30 students and two teachers collaborated. Some of the most important results are the following: Overall, the strategies used by the teachers are mostly to keep a record of the children's work, as well as follow-up for their work. Due to the nature of their work, a directive strategy was used since what is intended is a finished product that guides towards the completion an established project by the Omar Dengo Foundation for that grade; so that the teacher feels forced to move forward quickly to achieve the goals. The children find the texts they listen to as activities to motivate reading are boring because they are very basic for their level of schooling of the majority of the group, which is why they expressed their boredom with this kind of narratives. In addition, some of the topics that are dealt with in these texts cause the discussions not to transcend beyond the reading level. Another methodological mistake that should be taken up by the educational institution is that even though the computer science teacher and the Spanish teacher participate in the educational computer lessons, the latter manifests no knowledge about it, therefore, not being able to actively collaborate in the learning process of the students, thus wasting a valuable resource to achieve the projects goals due to the inability to carry out a pedagogical intervention.
ABSTRACT: This research aims to understand what is happening with the incorporation of ICT in the classroom as support tools for reading comprehension and practice, and the classroom dynamics between sixth grade girls and boys from the Laboratory School in San Ramón. The initial stage corresponds to the collection of the data through in-depth interviews, teacher observations, annotations, records, application of instruments and videotaping of the classroom environment, all processes of that aid the teacher. Once the data was obtained, the information for the analysis was organized. The reading comprehension instrument used for the diagnosis related to the level of the group of students, was made according to a classification of the items that correspond to the literal, interpretive and critical comprehension, and that allowed us to establish a statistical report per student. The instrument was applied in digital and printed format to establish comparisons between the two supports which relate to the performance of the girls and boys. The participants are students of both sexes, aged between 11 and 12 years, who are sixth grades of the cycle II of the General Basic Education at the Laboratory School San Ramón; the total participants were 30 students and two teachers collaborated. Some of the most important results are the following: Overall, the strategies used by the teachers are mostly to keep a record of the children's work, as well as follow-up for their work. Due to the nature of their work, a directive strategy was used since what is intended is a finished product that guides towards the completion an established project by the Omar Dengo Foundation for that grade; so that the teacher feels forced to move forward quickly to achieve the goals. The children find the texts they listen to as activities to motivate reading are boring because they are very basic for their level of schooling of the majority of the group, which is why they expressed their boredom with this kind of narratives. In addition, some of the topics that are dealt with in these texts cause the discussions not to transcend beyond the reading level. Another methodological mistake that should be taken up by the educational institution is that even though the computer science teacher and the Spanish teacher participate in the educational computer lessons, the latter manifests no knowledge about it, therefore, not being able to actively collaborate in the learning process of the students, thus wasting a valuable resource to achieve the projects goals due to the inability to carry out a pedagogical intervention.
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TECNOLOGÍA EDUCATIVA, TECNOLOGÍA DE LA INFORMACIÓN, TECNOLOGÍA DE LAS COMUNICACIONES, LECTURA, ESTRATEGIAS EDUCATIVAS, EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, READING, EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES