Design Thinking como estrategia pedagógica para promover la solución de problemas y toma de decisiones en contextos formativos de docentes universitarios.
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2021
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INIE
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Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal generar un objeto pedagógico que se sustente en el Design Thinking como estrategia para promover la solución de problemas y la toma de decisiones, para la construcción de posibilidades de innovación y transformación de los procesos formativos por parte de los docentes en el contexto de la docencia universitaria. Se desarrolló una investigación aplicada mediante etapas: La primera etapa comprendió la conceptualización del objeto pedagógico. En este caso, se basó en Design Thinking, con el fin de elaborar un modelo para la resolución de problemas didácticos por parte de docentes universitarios, lo cual implica una representación coherente de los elementos, componentes y restricciones a los que debería responder esta propuesta. La segunda etapa refiere a la preparación que comprende el diseño de estrategias y alternativas para llevar a cabo el modelo; asimismo, esta etapa implicó la evaluación de situaciones de simulación que permitieron la elección y construcción del prototipo del objeto pedagógico. Una etapa subsiguiente fue la implantación del modelo en una situación real con docentes universitarios, a fin de verificar los alcances reales del modelo desarrollado. Este proceso comprendió un bucle evaluativo en el que se desarrollaron ensayos de implantación, evaluación, adaptaciones y modificaciones que se repiten antes de la evaluación final del modelo. Cabe aclarar que cada una de estas etapas fue acompañada por parte del equipo investigador que desarrolló -en conjunto con los participantes- un proceso formativo mediante talleres y encuentros que les permitió a los docentes participantes familiarizarse con la metodología y proponer su toma de decisiones y resolución de 30 problemas, según los intereses y necesidades pedagógicas de los participantes, llevando esto a construir un objeto pedagógico particularizado a sus contextos de actuación.
La población participante de esta investigación se conformó por un grupo de docentes universitarios voluntarios de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Se consolidó un grupo de, al menos, 10 docentes, con el fin de desarrollar las diferentes etapas del proyecto.
Algunas de las conclusiones que permitió el desarrollo del estudio son las siguientes: Con respecto al objetivo 1, que buscaba proponer un modelo de Design Thinking, pertinente con los procesos de mediación pedagógica en el contexto educativo universitario; se logró consolidar, a través de una síntesis analítica de diferentes modelos de Design Thinking, una propuesta metodológica que tiene el potencial de estar fuertemente vinculado con los contextos educativos universitarios y permite la propuesta de solución de problemas que se inscriben dentro de dichos contextos. Además, se identificó un total de 13 necesidades referidas al desarrollo de procesos de mediación pedagógica manifestadas por los docentes. Estas necesidades se refieren, principalmente, a la determinación de objetivos de aprendizaje en los cursos que imparten los docentes, la selección de contenidos, el diseño de la evaluación y la estrategia didáctica.
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to generate a pedagogical object which is based on Design Thinking as a strategy to promote problem solving and decision making, for the construction of possibilities for innovation and transformation of training processes by professors in the context of university teaching. An applied research was developed through stages: The first stage included the conceptualization of the pedagogical object. In this case, it was based on Design Thinking, in order to develop a model for the resolution of didactic problems by university professors, which implies a coherent representation of the elements, components and restrictions to which this proposal should respond. . The second stage refers to the preparation that includes the design of strategies and alternatives to carry out the model; Next, this stage involved the evaluation of simulation situations that allowed the selection and construction of the prototype of the pedagogical object. A subsequent stage was the implementation of the model in a real situation with university professors, in order to verify the real scope of the developed model. This process included an evaluative loop in which demonstration tests, evaluation, adaptations and modifications carried out were repeated before the final evaluation of the model. Is good to clarify that each of these stages was accompanied by the research team that developed -together with the participants- a training process through workshops and meetings that allowed the participating teachers to familiarize themselves with the methodology and propose their decision-making and resolution. of 30 problems, according to the interests and pedagogical needs of the participants, leading to the construction of a pedagogical object particularized to their contexts of action. The population participating in this research was made up of a group of volunteer university professors from the University of Costa Rica. A group of at least 10 teachers was consolidated in order to develop the different stages of the project. Some of the conclusions that allowed the development of the study are the following: Regarding objective 1, which sought to propose a Design Thinking model, relevant to the processes of pedagogical mediation in the university educational context; It was possible to consolidate, through an analytical synthesis of different Design Thinking models, a methodological proposal that has the potential to be strongly linked to university educational contexts and allows the proposal to solve problems that fall within the mentioned contexts . In addition, a total of 13 needs related to the development of pedagogical mediation processes expressed by teachers were identified. These needs refer, mainly, to the determination of learning objectives in the courses taught by professors, the selection of content, the design of the evaluation and the didactic strategy.
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to generate a pedagogical object which is based on Design Thinking as a strategy to promote problem solving and decision making, for the construction of possibilities for innovation and transformation of training processes by professors in the context of university teaching. An applied research was developed through stages: The first stage included the conceptualization of the pedagogical object. In this case, it was based on Design Thinking, in order to develop a model for the resolution of didactic problems by university professors, which implies a coherent representation of the elements, components and restrictions to which this proposal should respond. . The second stage refers to the preparation that includes the design of strategies and alternatives to carry out the model; Next, this stage involved the evaluation of simulation situations that allowed the selection and construction of the prototype of the pedagogical object. A subsequent stage was the implementation of the model in a real situation with university professors, in order to verify the real scope of the developed model. This process included an evaluative loop in which demonstration tests, evaluation, adaptations and modifications carried out were repeated before the final evaluation of the model. Is good to clarify that each of these stages was accompanied by the research team that developed -together with the participants- a training process through workshops and meetings that allowed the participating teachers to familiarize themselves with the methodology and propose their decision-making and resolution. of 30 problems, according to the interests and pedagogical needs of the participants, leading to the construction of a pedagogical object particularized to their contexts of action. The population participating in this research was made up of a group of volunteer university professors from the University of Costa Rica. A group of at least 10 teachers was consolidated in order to develop the different stages of the project. Some of the conclusions that allowed the development of the study are the following: Regarding objective 1, which sought to propose a Design Thinking model, relevant to the processes of pedagogical mediation in the university educational context; It was possible to consolidate, through an analytical synthesis of different Design Thinking models, a methodological proposal that has the potential to be strongly linked to university educational contexts and allows the proposal to solve problems that fall within the mentioned contexts . In addition, a total of 13 needs related to the development of pedagogical mediation processes expressed by teachers were identified. These needs refer, mainly, to the determination of learning objectives in the courses taught by professors, the selection of content, the design of the evaluation and the didactic strategy.
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Ciencias de la educación, Educación, Innovaciones pedagógicas, Resolución de problemas, Docencia universitaria, Estrategias educativas, Education sciences, Education, Pedagogical innovations, Problem solving, University teaching, Educational strategies.