El matonismo escolar y su relación con factores socioculturales donde se encuentra ubicado el centro educativo. Un estudio exploratorio
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2013
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INIE
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El objetivo general de esta investigación, fue el de identificar la prevalencia y principales formas de matonismo utilizados por estudiantes, que cursan estudios en primero y segundo ciclo de la escuela costarricense, en una muestra costarricense, y el de explorar si los patrones de conducta que presentan los y las niñas, están influenciados por factores socioculturales que afectan la zona geográfica en donde se ubica el centro educativo.
Este es un estudio descriptivo, que permitió delinear las diferentes situaciones que sobre el acoso están afectando a los centros educativos estudiados, los eventos y las frecuencias con que suceden. Además llevó a cuantificar y a describir desde el punto de vista científico la dimensión del problema.
Para realizar el estudio, se seleccionó una muestra intencional de estudiantes, ubicados en diferentes centros educativos, cuyas zonas geográficas correspondían a San José centro, Escazú, Alajuela, Curridabat, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Cartago, Desamparados, Guadalupe y Moravia.
Se aplicaron 1115 instrumentos que contemplan los criterios establecidos a nivel internacional para detectar la presencia del maltrato entre iguales. Una vez contabilizadas las respuestas se encontró que existe una incidencia mayor de maltrato entre iguales en los centro educativos cuyo entorno social se compone de zonas que muestran mayor riesgo social, que en aquellos en donde los índices de pobreza, las agresiones, los asaltos y el consumo de drogas son menores.
Del análisis general de los instrumentos se desprende que un 26.5% de las y los estudiantes han atemorizado a sus compañeros bajo diferentes formas como: golpes, patadas, pellizcos, zancadillas, empujones; así como mediante las amenazas, los apodos las burlas y los insultos. Estas últimas acciones no dejan lesiones físicas, pero sí huellas sociales y psicológicas tan devastadoras como permanentes.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of this research was to identify the prevalence and main forms of bullying from a sample of Costa Rican students in first and second cycle, and to explore if the behavioral patterns in children are influenced by sociocultural factors that affect the geographical area where the schools are located. This is a descriptive study that outlined the different situations related to harassment which are affecting the educational centers studied, the events and the frequency of them, in addition, quantified and described the scope of the problem from a scientific point of view. To carry out the study, an intentional sample of students was selected who where in different educational centers whose geographical area was downtown San José, Escazú, Alajuela, Curridabat, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Cartago, Desamparados, Guadalupe and Moravia. 1115 instruments were applied which takes into account the criteria established at an international level to detect bullying among peers. Once the answers were assessed, it was found that there is a greater prevalence of bullying among peers in schools where the social environment is composed of areas that have a higher social risk than those where the poverty index, aggression, theft and drug consumption are fewer. From the general analysis of the instruments, it can be noted that 26.5% of students have bullied their classmates in different ways such as: hitting, kicking, pinching, tripping, shoving as well as threats, name calling and insults. These last actions do not have physical injuries, but they do leave social and psychological marks as devastating as they are permanent.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of this research was to identify the prevalence and main forms of bullying from a sample of Costa Rican students in first and second cycle, and to explore if the behavioral patterns in children are influenced by sociocultural factors that affect the geographical area where the schools are located. This is a descriptive study that outlined the different situations related to harassment which are affecting the educational centers studied, the events and the frequency of them, in addition, quantified and described the scope of the problem from a scientific point of view. To carry out the study, an intentional sample of students was selected who where in different educational centers whose geographical area was downtown San José, Escazú, Alajuela, Curridabat, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Cartago, Desamparados, Guadalupe and Moravia. 1115 instruments were applied which takes into account the criteria established at an international level to detect bullying among peers. Once the answers were assessed, it was found that there is a greater prevalence of bullying among peers in schools where the social environment is composed of areas that have a higher social risk than those where the poverty index, aggression, theft and drug consumption are fewer. From the general analysis of the instruments, it can be noted that 26.5% of students have bullied their classmates in different ways such as: hitting, kicking, pinching, tripping, shoving as well as threats, name calling and insults. These last actions do not have physical injuries, but they do leave social and psychological marks as devastating as they are permanent.
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VIOLENCE, SCHOOL VIOLENCE, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, AGGRESSION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, SOCIAL INFLUENCE, SOCIAL MEDIA, VIOLENCIA, VIOLENCIA ESCOLAR, PROBLEMAS SOCIALES, AGRESIÓN, EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA, INFLUENCIA SOCIAL, MEDIO SOCIAL