Prácticas pedagógicas docentes en contextos de interacción juvenil rural, de la Gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica: Una mirada desde la educación intercultural
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2018
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INIE
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El propósito de la investigación fue analizar los fundamentos teóricos y prácticos de la educación intercultural que están presentes en las prácticas pedagógicas de docentes que se desempeñan en contextos de interacción juvenil rural dentro de establecimientos de educación secundaria de la gran Área Metropolitana de Costa Rica. El proyecto abarcó tres liceos rurales localizados en las provincias de San José y Alajuela. De manera específica 11 personas docentes, 9 de asignaturas básicas y 2 de especialidad técnica, se realizaron 33 entrevistas, 3 encuentros con cada una y cada uno de las personas docentes.
Algunas de las conclusiones del estudio son las siguientes :
Dentro de los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan las prácticas pedagógicas se constata el fuerte componente práctico y racionalidad técnica en la caracterización de la propia experiencia, y una débil tendencia hacia el componente reflexivo. En torno a los componentes operativos todos ellos son identificados con propiedad, siendo el espacio de aula el más apreciado por el profesorado en su totalidad, la evaluación por su parte es uno de los aspectos que requieren de mayores cambios desde la opinión docente, así mismo los procesos administrativos son los que menos valorados en el quehacer profesional.
En las representaciones docentes se muestra un reconocimiento amplio en la posición respecto a situaciones, hechos, formas de conocimiento sobre lo juvenil, la diversidad, la cultura, la ruralidad que socialmente han sido elaboradas y que repercuten en la práctica pedagógica, en este sentido el impacto tiende a ser positivo se reconocen estos conceptos desde constructos constituidos por una serie de elementos que complejizan el quehacer profesional y permiten desde el actuar docente dar sentidos distintos a la práctica, aspectos que supone un desafío y una oportunidad para la educación intercultural.
Es importante recalcar en lo que concierne a las estrategias educativas que fomenten la diversidad, el profesorado expresa elementos muy importantes que se acerca a un abordaje intercultural en el reconocimiento de esa pluralidad, entre ellas el generar espacios para hablar de equidad y diversidad, impulsando el respecto y la valoración de la diferencias, lo cual evidencia una significativa sensibilidad hacia la diversidad juvenil, en tanto también señalan como relevante el considerar las distintas problemáticas familiares dentro de su sala de clase en el accionar docente, el tener en cuenta elementos culturales de la región y otros países es una buena oportunidad para abrir la visión de mundo del estudiantado y general el desarrollo de otros habilidades de personas jóvenes.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the theoretical and practical principles of intercultural education present in teachers' pedagogical practices who work with youth from rural areas within establishments of secondary education on the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. The project worked with three rural high schools located in the provinces of San José and Alajuela. Specifically, 11 teachers, 9 from basic subjects and 2 from technical fields participated, and 33 interviews, 3 meetings with each and every one of the teachers were carried out. Some of the conclusions of the study are the following: Within the theoretical principles that underlie the pedagogical practices, there is a strong practical component and technical rationale in the characterization of the experience itself, and a weak tendency towards reflection. Regarding the operational components, they are all identified based on facts, being the classroom the most valued by all teachers. The evaluation is one of the aspects that requires major changes according to the teachers; in addition, administrative processes are the least valued in terms of professional tasks. In terms of teacher representation, there is wide recognition in the position regarding situations, actions, knowledge of youth, diversity, culture, rural issues socially created which impact the pedagogical practice. In this sense, the impact tends to be positive; these concepts are recognized from a construct constituted by a series of elements that hinder everyday tasks and enable from the teaching process the understanding of the practice which poses a challenge and opportunity for intercultural education. It is important to stress in regards to educational strategies that they promote diversity. Teachers mentioned as very important the elements related to an intercultural approach in terms of the recognition of plurality, which includes the creation of spaces to talk about equality and diversity, the promotion of respect, and valuing differences. This points to a significant sensitivity towards youth diversity, as well as the relevance of considering different actions a teacher could take in the classroom regarding family issues. To take into account the cultural elements of the region and other countries is a good opportunity to broaden students' world vision and develop other skills.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the theoretical and practical principles of intercultural education present in teachers' pedagogical practices who work with youth from rural areas within establishments of secondary education on the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. The project worked with three rural high schools located in the provinces of San José and Alajuela. Specifically, 11 teachers, 9 from basic subjects and 2 from technical fields participated, and 33 interviews, 3 meetings with each and every one of the teachers were carried out. Some of the conclusions of the study are the following: Within the theoretical principles that underlie the pedagogical practices, there is a strong practical component and technical rationale in the characterization of the experience itself, and a weak tendency towards reflection. Regarding the operational components, they are all identified based on facts, being the classroom the most valued by all teachers. The evaluation is one of the aspects that requires major changes according to the teachers; in addition, administrative processes are the least valued in terms of professional tasks. In terms of teacher representation, there is wide recognition in the position regarding situations, actions, knowledge of youth, diversity, culture, rural issues socially created which impact the pedagogical practice. In this sense, the impact tends to be positive; these concepts are recognized from a construct constituted by a series of elements that hinder everyday tasks and enable from the teaching process the understanding of the practice which poses a challenge and opportunity for intercultural education. It is important to stress in regards to educational strategies that they promote diversity. Teachers mentioned as very important the elements related to an intercultural approach in terms of the recognition of plurality, which includes the creation of spaces to talk about equality and diversity, the promotion of respect, and valuing differences. This points to a significant sensitivity towards youth diversity, as well as the relevance of considering different actions a teacher could take in the classroom regarding family issues. To take into account the cultural elements of the region and other countries is a good opportunity to broaden students' world vision and develop other skills.
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PRÁCTICA PEDAGÓGICA, EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL, JUVENTUD, EDUCACIÓN RURAL, PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE, INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION, YOUTH, RURAL EDUCATION