Validación de una lista de cotejo para la identificación de niños y niñas con trastornos de la atención
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2007
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INIE
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Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal la validación de una lista de cotejo de conductas propias de
los trastornos de la atención para uso de los docentes en la identificación de los niños y niñas con déficit de
atención con o sin hiperactividad. Inicialmente se pensó en realizar un estudio estadístico que permitiera la validación de la lista de cotejo confeccionada previamente por las investigadoras, y así se consignó en el proyecto original, sin embargo esto no fue posible hacerlo, debido a la imposibilidad de contar una muestra satisfactoria de niños y niñas con trastornos de la atención, debidamente diagnosticada, así se pasó de un propuesta inicial basada en el paradigma positivista, a un proceso investigativo basado en el uso de técnicas cualitativas, que permitieran comprender e interpretar la realidad, los significados y las intenciones de las personas invitadas a participar en el proceso investigativo. Lo anterior provocó que se buscaran modos alternos para realizar el trabajo, encontrándose que la técnica “juicio de experto” se adaptaba bastante bien a lo que las autoras querían realizar.
Entre los resultados más importantes de resaltar están las modificaciones realizadas a la lista a partir de las
observaciones, comentarios y sugerencias recibidas por los expertos. La modificación fue tanto numérica
como de contenido, debido a la necesidad de analizar cada uno de los ítemes de tal manera que tuviera una
primer certeza de que se esta valorando una conducta propia del trastorno, así como revisar cuidadosamente la construcción idiomática del instrumento y del contenido.
El trabajo realizado por las personas expertas participantes enriquece mucho el proceso de validación de los
contenidos y le da confiabilidad al trabajo que se realizó, pues son personas que conocen tanto del trastorno
como de la realidad que se vive en el sistema educativo nacional.
Las recomendaciones son:
• Al finalizar este proceso de investigación, se comprueba la necesidad de que las personas profesionales
en educación tengan mayor información y formación en el manejo de trastornos como el déficit de atención,
para así cumplir efectivamente con lo que demanda la sociedad y se destaca en los documentos
emanados de organismos internacionales dedicados al estudio de los procesos educativos. La educación
debe ser concebida y llevada a la práctica con el compromiso de que sea un factor de desarrollo que
permita a las personas mejorar su calidad de vida. Debe existir el compromiso de dar herramientas al
docente y a la docente, que faciliten su trabajo cotidiano.
• La lista de cotejo, producto de este trabajo debe ser publicada y divulgada mediante diversos medios,
de tal manea que su uso pueda ser efectivo para la población para la que fue pensado.
• Se debe tener claridad, de que este instrumento no es de carácter diagnóstico, sino de una ayuda al
personal docente para que pueda identificar conductas que presentan los niños y niñas con trastornos
de la atención, y que su fin es, aparte de la identificación, que el maestro o la maestra puedan desarrollar
estrategias que faciliten los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, mediante el control de aquellas
conductas que lo están perturbando.
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this research was to validate a checklist of behaviors typical of attention disorders for teachers to use to identify children with attention deficit with or without hyperactivity. Initially, the researchers considered to make a statistical study that would allow the validation of the checklist previously made, and so it was decided in the original project, however, this was not possible since it was impossible to have a satisfactory sample of children properly diagnosed with attention disorders, and thus went from an initial proposal based on the paradigm of positivism, to a research process based on the use of qualitative techniques, which would allow to understand and interpret the reality, the meanings and the intentions of the people invited to participate in the research process. This led to the search for alternative ways of doing the work, finding that the “expert judgment” technique was quite well adapted to what the authors wanted to do. Among the most important results to highlight are the modifications made to the list based on the observations, comments and suggestions received by the experts. The modification was both numerical and content based due to the need to analyze each of the items in such a way as to have with initial certainty that a behavior proper to the disorder is being valued, as well as to carefully review the idiomatic construction of the instrument and the content. The work done by the expert participants greatly enriches the process of validation of the contents and gives reliability to the work that was done, because they are people who know both the disorder and the reality that is lived in the national educational system. The recommendations are: • By the end of the research process, the need for professionals in education to have access to more information and training regarding disorders such as attention deficit is needed in order to effectively comply with what society demands and stands out in the documents from international organizations dedicated to the study of educational processes. Education must be conceived and implemented with the commitment that it is an aspect to develop which allows people to improve their quality of life. There must be a commitment to give teachers the tools to improve their day-to-day work. • The checklist which came from this work must be published and disseminated through various means so that its use can be effective for the intended population. • It must be clear that this instrument is not a diagnostic, but an aid to help teachers to identify behaviors of children with attention disorders so that besides identifying them, the teacher can develop strategies that improve teaching and learning processes through the control of behaviors that are bothersome to them.
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this research was to validate a checklist of behaviors typical of attention disorders for teachers to use to identify children with attention deficit with or without hyperactivity. Initially, the researchers considered to make a statistical study that would allow the validation of the checklist previously made, and so it was decided in the original project, however, this was not possible since it was impossible to have a satisfactory sample of children properly diagnosed with attention disorders, and thus went from an initial proposal based on the paradigm of positivism, to a research process based on the use of qualitative techniques, which would allow to understand and interpret the reality, the meanings and the intentions of the people invited to participate in the research process. This led to the search for alternative ways of doing the work, finding that the “expert judgment” technique was quite well adapted to what the authors wanted to do. Among the most important results to highlight are the modifications made to the list based on the observations, comments and suggestions received by the experts. The modification was both numerical and content based due to the need to analyze each of the items in such a way as to have with initial certainty that a behavior proper to the disorder is being valued, as well as to carefully review the idiomatic construction of the instrument and the content. The work done by the expert participants greatly enriches the process of validation of the contents and gives reliability to the work that was done, because they are people who know both the disorder and the reality that is lived in the national educational system. The recommendations are: • By the end of the research process, the need for professionals in education to have access to more information and training regarding disorders such as attention deficit is needed in order to effectively comply with what society demands and stands out in the documents from international organizations dedicated to the study of educational processes. Education must be conceived and implemented with the commitment that it is an aspect to develop which allows people to improve their quality of life. There must be a commitment to give teachers the tools to improve their day-to-day work. • The checklist which came from this work must be published and disseminated through various means so that its use can be effective for the intended population. • It must be clear that this instrument is not a diagnostic, but an aid to help teachers to identify behaviors of children with attention disorders so that besides identifying them, the teacher can develop strategies that improve teaching and learning processes through the control of behaviors that are bothersome to them.
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MÉTODOS PEDAGÓGICOS, NIÑOS, NIÑAS, EDUCACIÓN, ESCUELAS, TEACHING METHODS, ATTENTION DISORDERS, CHILDREN, EDUCATION, SCHOOLS