Modelos de formación docente en educación secundaria: análisis y propuesta.
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2016
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INIE
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Este estudio tuvo como objetivo general analizar modelos de formación para la educación secundaria que se implementan en diferentes países. La investigación que se realiza es descriptiva en la que se utilizan técnicas cualitativas: análisis documenta, entrevistas y grupos focales para responder a los objetivos del estudio, así como cuestionarios que aportan información cualitativa. Para analizar los planes de formación docente de diversos países se utiliza el método de educación comparada para determinar semejanzas y diferencias de dichos países con base en los indicadores que se definieron para este estudio a partir de los objetivos de la investigación y la bibliografía revisada. Se describen modelos de formación docente en educación secundaria de países de alto desempeño escolar: Alemania, Finlandia, Cuba y Singapur. A continuación algunas de las reflexiones finales del estudio:
La universidades y las autoridades del MEP, desde una visión articulada, deben llevar a cabo una transformación o replanteamiento de la educación secundaria, involucrando a la educación primera y comprendiendo que este problema se debe analizar desde una visión multicausal, y tomando en cuenta los modelos sociales,políticos y educativos actuales. En esas acciones deberían participar, además de las instituciones involucradas en la formación de docentes, la población colegial y sus familias,pues es necesario saber que piensan, qué creen, qué sienten, qué quieren, y qué pretenden y qué criterio tienen de los procesos educativos, como participantes activos del sistema. Se considera que para fortalecer la educación secundaria, es necesario que existan mejores niveles de coordinación entre las universidades formadoras de docentes y las autoridades del MEP, pues esos vínculos benefician y fortalecen el sistema educativo.
La calidad del personal docente requiere de políticas de estado y de sistemas de desarrollo profesional, además de una acción sistemática e integrada para el fortalecimiento de esta profesión. Es preciso que las instituciones de formación docente articulen, dialoguen e investiguen, y coordinen con otras instancias como los gremios y las autoridades gubernamentales para mejorar de manera óptima la formación inicial y el desarrollo profesional docente.
La actualización y mejoramiento de los planes de estudio de formación docente debe ser continua por lo que es necesario exigir la autoevaluación y acreditación de las carreras de educación de universidades públicas y privadas de manera periódica.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of this study was to analyze secondary education training models that are implemented in different countries. The research carried out is descriptive, and the following qualitative techniques were used: document analysis, interviews and focus groups to respond to the objectives of the study, as well as questionnaires that provide qualitative information. Likewise, in order to analyze the teacher training plans of various countries, the comparative method was used to determine similarities and differences in said countries based on the indicators that were defined for this study stemming from the research objectives and revised bibliography. In addition, models of teacher training are described in secondary education in high-performing countries such as: Germany, Finland, Cuba and Singapore. Here are some of the final reflections of the study: The universities and the MEP authorities from an articulated vision must carry out a transformation or rethinking of secondary education involving primary education and understanding that this problem should be analyzed from a multi-causal vision, and taking into account the current social, political and educational models. In these actions, in addition to the institutions involved in teacher training, the high school population and their families should be involved because it is necessary to know what they think, what they believe in, what they feel, what they want, what they intend and what criterion they have of the educational processes as active participants in the system. It is considered that in order to strengthen secondary education, there is a need for better levels of coordination between the teacher-training universities and MEP authorities as these links benefit and strengthen the educational system. The quality of teaching staff requires state policies and professional development systems as well as a systematic and integrated action to strengthen this profession. It is necessary that the educational institutions articulate, dialogue and investigate, and coordinate with other organizations such as the unions and government authorities to improve in an optimal way the initial training and the professional development of teachers. Updating and improving the curricula of teacher training must be continuous which is why it is necessary to require the self-assessment and accreditation of education careers of public and private universities on a regular basis.
ABSTRACT: The general objective of this study was to analyze secondary education training models that are implemented in different countries. The research carried out is descriptive, and the following qualitative techniques were used: document analysis, interviews and focus groups to respond to the objectives of the study, as well as questionnaires that provide qualitative information. Likewise, in order to analyze the teacher training plans of various countries, the comparative method was used to determine similarities and differences in said countries based on the indicators that were defined for this study stemming from the research objectives and revised bibliography. In addition, models of teacher training are described in secondary education in high-performing countries such as: Germany, Finland, Cuba and Singapore. Here are some of the final reflections of the study: The universities and the MEP authorities from an articulated vision must carry out a transformation or rethinking of secondary education involving primary education and understanding that this problem should be analyzed from a multi-causal vision, and taking into account the current social, political and educational models. In these actions, in addition to the institutions involved in teacher training, the high school population and their families should be involved because it is necessary to know what they think, what they believe in, what they feel, what they want, what they intend and what criterion they have of the educational processes as active participants in the system. It is considered that in order to strengthen secondary education, there is a need for better levels of coordination between the teacher-training universities and MEP authorities as these links benefit and strengthen the educational system. The quality of teaching staff requires state policies and professional development systems as well as a systematic and integrated action to strengthen this profession. It is necessary that the educational institutions articulate, dialogue and investigate, and coordinate with other organizations such as the unions and government authorities to improve in an optimal way the initial training and the professional development of teachers. Updating and improving the curricula of teacher training must be continuous which is why it is necessary to require the self-assessment and accreditation of education careers of public and private universities on a regular basis.
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FORMACIÓN DE DOCENTES, EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR, EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA, CALIDAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN, EDUCACIÓN COMPARADA, TEACHER TRAINING, HIGHER EDUCATION, SECONDARY EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, COMPARATIVE EDUCATION