Análisis de la relación socioeducativa entre la persona docente y la persona estudiante en el desarrollo de los proyectos de Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU) de la Universidad de Costa Rica durante el período 2017-2019
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2023
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INIE
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El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar la relación socioeducativa entre la persona docente y la persona estudiante en el desarrollo de los proyectos de Trabajo Comunal Universitario (TCU) de la Universidad de Costa Rica durante el período 2017-2019 con el fin de constatar el ideario del quehacer de esta modalidad de Acción Social. Se desarrolló investigación descriptiva cualitativa con métodos mixtos (cualitativos y cuantitativos), mediante la cual se recuperan en el presente informe los principales hallazgos a partir de la experiencia docente y estudiantil en relación con tres elementos principales a saber: a) los modelos de extensión presentes en la práctica de los TCU, b) las características de las personas docentes coordinadoras de TCU y c) las características de la vinculación de los Seminarios de Realidad Nacional (SRN) con los TCU que se definieron desde el Estatuto Orgánico, como espacios formativos idóneos en la conformación del perfil humanista de la persona estudiante de la UCR. Para ello se desarrollaron varias técnicas a saber: grupos focales separados con personas docentes coordinadoras de TCU y personas estudiantes que concluyeron el TCU para el período 2017-2019; además se aplicó dos cuestionarios en línea autoadministrados a personas docentes y personas estudiantes que cumplieran con los criterios de selección de la población del estudio. Se conformó una muestra no aleatoria e intencional considerando las siguientes características: Personas responsables de proyectos de TCU de las áreas de mayor desarrollo de acción social a saber: Ciencias Sociales, Sedes y de las que tienen menos Básicas y Ciencias Agroalimentarias. Estudiantes que concluyeron el TCU de las áreas de Sociales, Sedes, Básicas y Ciencias Agroalimentarias. Participaron 8 personas docentes responsables de proyectos de TCU en 2 grupos focales, 7 personas estudiantes que concluyeron el TCU en 3 grupos focales. Se aplicó cuestionario en línea a 33 personas docentes coordinadores de proyectos de TCU y a 154 estudiantes participantes en los proyectos. Se enumeran a continuación algunas de las conclusiones relacionadas con el análisis de los resultados y los objetivos propuestos. 1. El Trabajo Comunal Universitario como espacio de aprendizaje, aporta en definitiva a la formación humanística y a la conciencia crítica de las personas estudiantes en el análisis de las problemáticas sociales, donde la relación socioeducativa que se establece entre la persona docente y la persona estudiante tiene un peso fundamental para que estas premisas se logren. 2. Se identifican dos modelos de extensión: el mayormente utilizado es el difusionista - transferencista, el cual se refleja en el tipo de tareas que realizan las personas estudiantes, hacia la población participante. Sin embargo, se recuperan elementos del modelo de extensión crítica en las formas de participación, reflexión y construcción conjunta entre las personas estudiantes y docentes a la hora de visualizar planes de trabajo y en la recuperación de los aprendizajes y alcances de las acciones implementadas. Al respecto, es importante migrar a otros modelos en los cuales haya mayor intercambio entre la universidad y la comunidad, es decir, en dos vías. 3. Se evidenció una dificultad de la persona docente para el acompañamiento en el trabajo de campo directo a la población estudiantil.
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to analyze the socio-educational relationship between the teacher and the student in the development of the University Communal Work (TCU) projects of the University of Costa Rica during the period 2017-2019 in order to verify the ideology of the work of this modality of Social Action. Qualitative descriptive research was developed with mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative), through which the main findings are recovered in this report from the teaching and student experience in relatio hing coordinators of the TCU and c) the characteristics of the connection of the National Reality Seminars (SRN) with the TCU that were defined from the Organic Statute, as ideal training spaces in the formation of the humanistic profile of the UCR student. To this end, several techniques were developed, namely: separate focus groups with TCU teaching coordinators and students who completed the TCU for the 2017-2019 period; In addition, two self-administered online questionnaires were applied to teachers and students who met the selection criteria for the study population. A non-random and intentional sample was formed considering the following characteristics: People responsible for TCU projects in the areas with the greatest development of social action, namely: Social Sciences, Headquarters and those with the least: Basic and Agri-Food Sciences. Students who completed the TCU in the areas of Social Sciences, Headquarters, Basic and Agri-Food Sciences. 8 teachers responsible for TCU projects participated in 2 focus groups, 7 students who completed the TCU in 3 focus groups. An online questionnaire was applied to 33 teachers coordinating TCU projects and to 154 students participating in the projects. Some of the conclusions related to the analysis of the results and the proposed objectives are listed below. 1. University Community Work as a learning space ultimately contributes to the humanistic training and critical awareness of students in the analysis of social problems, where the socio-educational relationship established between the teacher and the student has a fundamental weight in achieving these premises. 2. Two extension models are identified: the most commonly used is the diffusionist-transferist one, which is reflected in the type of tasks that students carry out towards the participating population. However, elements of the critical extension model are recovered in the forms of participation, reflection and joint construction between students and teachers when visualizing work plans and in the recovery of the learnings and scope of the implemented actions. In this regard, it is important to migrate to other models in which there is greater exchange between the university and the community, that is, in two ways. 3. A difficulty for the teacher to accompany the student population in direct field work was evident.
ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to analyze the socio-educational relationship between the teacher and the student in the development of the University Communal Work (TCU) projects of the University of Costa Rica during the period 2017-2019 in order to verify the ideology of the work of this modality of Social Action. Qualitative descriptive research was developed with mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative), through which the main findings are recovered in this report from the teaching and student experience in relatio hing coordinators of the TCU and c) the characteristics of the connection of the National Reality Seminars (SRN) with the TCU that were defined from the Organic Statute, as ideal training spaces in the formation of the humanistic profile of the UCR student. To this end, several techniques were developed, namely: separate focus groups with TCU teaching coordinators and students who completed the TCU for the 2017-2019 period; In addition, two self-administered online questionnaires were applied to teachers and students who met the selection criteria for the study population. A non-random and intentional sample was formed considering the following characteristics: People responsible for TCU projects in the areas with the greatest development of social action, namely: Social Sciences, Headquarters and those with the least: Basic and Agri-Food Sciences. Students who completed the TCU in the areas of Social Sciences, Headquarters, Basic and Agri-Food Sciences. 8 teachers responsible for TCU projects participated in 2 focus groups, 7 students who completed the TCU in 3 focus groups. An online questionnaire was applied to 33 teachers coordinating TCU projects and to 154 students participating in the projects. Some of the conclusions related to the analysis of the results and the proposed objectives are listed below. 1. University Community Work as a learning space ultimately contributes to the humanistic training and critical awareness of students in the analysis of social problems, where the socio-educational relationship established between the teacher and the student has a fundamental weight in achieving these premises. 2. Two extension models are identified: the most commonly used is the diffusionist-transferist one, which is reflected in the type of tasks that students carry out towards the participating population. However, elements of the critical extension model are recovered in the forms of participation, reflection and joint construction between students and teachers when visualizing work plans and in the recovery of the learnings and scope of the implemented actions. In this regard, it is important to migrate to other models in which there is greater exchange between the university and the community, that is, in two ways. 3. A difficulty for the teacher to accompany the student population in direct field work was evident.
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Educación superior, Extensión universitaria, Práctica pedagógica, Trabajo comunal universitario, Acción social, Higher education, University extension, Pedagogical practice, University community work, Social action