Aprendizajes de la convivencia en el encierro a partir de la palabra de adolescentes en privación de libertad.
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2020
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INIE
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El objetivo de la investigación es determinar las dinámicas de convivencia entre adolescentes y jóvenes en el encierro. En un primer momento se describen características de la convivencia de estas personas adolescentes y jóvenes privadas de libertad, previas al encierro: mundo familiar, escuela y comunidad. En un segundo momento, las formas en que se relacionan en lo cotidiano de la reclusión: los conflictos, las violencias, el dolor, la soledad, pero también, las situaciones de solidaridad, la forma en que socializan, los aprendizajes que obtienen. La investigación analiza entrevistas a profundidad de siete hombres y dos mujeres jóvenes en privación de libertad que cometieron delitos contra la vida y recibieron condenas bajo la Justicia Penal Juvenil. También entrevistas a dos custodios, a una psicóloga y la directora de un centro penal juvenil. Se encuentra que las personas entrevistadas provienen de contextos con legalidades alternativas, sin restricción y actúan ante las miradas impotentes de la institucionalidad (familia, escuela, comunidad). En el encierro, la convivencia entre adolescentes y jóvenes, se presenta irregular: así como hay quienes que se benefician de algunas actividades, otros no acceden a ellas. También se evidencia un exceso de tiempo “muerto” que incita violencias: pleitos, golpes, hurtos y, tristemente, autoagresiones y tentativas de suicidio. Este panorama descubre un problema central: la ausencia de una estrategia de prevención y atención a poblaciones adolescentes que han sido vulneradas. Se ha confundido el mandato legal de atención individualizada con una que no incluye el aprendizaje de la convivencia, que es justamente donde yacen los problemas de base.
ABSTRACT: The objective of the research is to determine the dynamics of coexistence between adolescents and young people in the confinement. At first, characteristics of the coexistence of these adolescents and young people deprived of liberty, prior to the confinement, are described: family world, school and community. In a second moment, the ways in which they relate in the daily life of the seclusion: the conflicts, the violence, the pain, the loneliness, but also the situations of solidarity, the way they socialize, the learning they obtain. The investigation analyzes in-depth interviews of seven men and two young women in deprivation of liberty who committed crimes against life and received sentences under the Juvenile Criminal Justice. Also interviews with two guards, a psychologist and the management of a juvenile penal center. Its known that the people interviewed come from contexts with alternative legalities, without restriction and act before the helpless looks of the institutions (family, school, community). In the confinement, the coexistence between adolescents and young people is irregular: just as there are those who benefit from some activities, others do not access them. There is also evidence of an excess of “dead” time that incites violence: lawsuits, beatings, theft and, sadly, self-harm and suicide attempts. This panorama reveals a central problem: the absence of a prevention and care strategy for adolescent populations that have been violated. The legal mandate of individualized attention has been confused with one that does not include learning to coexist, which is precisely where the basic problems lies.
ABSTRACT: The objective of the research is to determine the dynamics of coexistence between adolescents and young people in the confinement. At first, characteristics of the coexistence of these adolescents and young people deprived of liberty, prior to the confinement, are described: family world, school and community. In a second moment, the ways in which they relate in the daily life of the seclusion: the conflicts, the violence, the pain, the loneliness, but also the situations of solidarity, the way they socialize, the learning they obtain. The investigation analyzes in-depth interviews of seven men and two young women in deprivation of liberty who committed crimes against life and received sentences under the Juvenile Criminal Justice. Also interviews with two guards, a psychologist and the management of a juvenile penal center. Its known that the people interviewed come from contexts with alternative legalities, without restriction and act before the helpless looks of the institutions (family, school, community). In the confinement, the coexistence between adolescents and young people is irregular: just as there are those who benefit from some activities, others do not access them. There is also evidence of an excess of “dead” time that incites violence: lawsuits, beatings, theft and, sadly, self-harm and suicide attempts. This panorama reveals a central problem: the absence of a prevention and care strategy for adolescent populations that have been violated. The legal mandate of individualized attention has been confused with one that does not include learning to coexist, which is precisely where the basic problems lies.
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Prisioneros, Adolescentes, Derechos humanos, Prisoners, Adolescents, Human Rights