Uso de la calculadora en la transición del pensamiento concreto al pensamiento semi-concreto y simbólico en la matemática de segundo y cuarto año de la enseñanza general básica.
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Fecha
1991
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IIMEC
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Esta investigación pretende corroborar las hipótesis planteadas por diversos Investigadores que proponen la calculadora como un instrumento altamente valioso en la enseñanza de las matemáticas; no solo porque facilita el paso del pensamiento concreto hacia otros estadios más evolucionados, sino porque le brinda a los niños otras ventajas como: perder menos tiempo en las operaciones y centrarse más en la resolución de problemas, promover el trabajo en grupo, crear actitudes positivas
hacia las matemáticas, salirse de la rutina diaria de la clase e incursionar en técnicas más interesantes y participativas, reforzamiento de destrezas computacionales, simplificar la revisión del trabajo, etc. Se concluye que algunos aspectos son determinantes en los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas aplicadas a los estudiantes que participaron en la investigación, por ejemplo, el grado que cursaban y el tipo de institución a la que asistían (los de escuelas privadas tuvieron resultados más altos); asimismo, se mostró que las niñas tienen son más aventajadas en cuanto al razonamiento, en tanto que los niños lo son con respecto a la aritmética. Sobre el uso de la calculadora, se mostró que para el grupo que solo usó este instrumento los resultados fueron muy similares a los del grupo que solo usó material concreto; no obstante, para el grupo que usó una mezcla de ambos, los resultados fueron significativamente superiores, lo cual, parece indicar que en el paso hacia el pensamiento semi-concreto y simbólico, una combinación de las herramientas es lo idóneo. En cuanto a la actitud hacia las matemáticas, según este estudio, no pareciera que la calculadora ayude mucho a mejorar la concepción que los estudiantes tienen de la materia.
ABSTRACT: This research tries to corroborate the hypotheses put forward by various researchers who propose the calculator as a very valuable instrument in the teaching of mathematics; not only because it facilitates the passage of concrete thinking to other more evolved stages, but also because it offers children other advantages such as: less time spent on operations and more focus on problem solving, promoting group work, creating positive attitudes towards mathematics, leaving the daily routine of the class and the entrance of more interesting and participative techniques, the reinforcement of the computational skills, the simplification of the revision of the work, etc. It is concluded that some aspects are determining in the results obtained in the tests applied to the students who participated in the research, for example, the degree they were studying and the type of institution they attended (those from private schools had better results) ; Similarly, it was shown that girls have more advantages in terms of reasoning, while boys are better in terms of arithmetic. Regarding the use of the calculator, it was shown that for the group that only used this instrument, the results were very similar to those of the group that only used specific material; however, for the group that used a mix of both, the results were significantly higher, which seems to indicate that in the move towards semi-concrete and symbolic thinking, a combination of the tools is ideal. As for the attitude towards mathematics, according to this study, it does not seem that the calculator helps much to improve the conception of the subject by the students.
ABSTRACT: This research tries to corroborate the hypotheses put forward by various researchers who propose the calculator as a very valuable instrument in the teaching of mathematics; not only because it facilitates the passage of concrete thinking to other more evolved stages, but also because it offers children other advantages such as: less time spent on operations and more focus on problem solving, promoting group work, creating positive attitudes towards mathematics, leaving the daily routine of the class and the entrance of more interesting and participative techniques, the reinforcement of the computational skills, the simplification of the revision of the work, etc. It is concluded that some aspects are determining in the results obtained in the tests applied to the students who participated in the research, for example, the degree they were studying and the type of institution they attended (those from private schools had better results) ; Similarly, it was shown that girls have more advantages in terms of reasoning, while boys are better in terms of arithmetic. Regarding the use of the calculator, it was shown that for the group that only used this instrument, the results were very similar to those of the group that only used specific material; however, for the group that used a mix of both, the results were significantly higher, which seems to indicate that in the move towards semi-concrete and symbolic thinking, a combination of the tools is ideal. As for the attitude towards mathematics, according to this study, it does not seem that the calculator helps much to improve the conception of the subject by the students.
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MATEMÁTICAS, EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA, CÁLCULO, INSTRUMENTOS, APRENDIZAJE, PRUEBAS, RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO, DESARROLLO COGNOSCITIVO, PENSAMIENTO, MATHS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, CALCULATION, INSTRUMENTS, LEARNING, TESTS, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, THOUGHT