Percepciones sobre la femineidad y sus implicaciones vocacionales en mujeres adolescentes.
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2000
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IIMEC
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En este trabajo, se presentan definiciones de feminidad y masculinidad, y las implicaciones que tales principios involucran en el ámbito sociocultural costarricense; especialmente, en lo que tiene que ver con la elección vocacional.
El estudio se realizó con la participación de nueve adolescentes que estudiaban en tres colegios técnicos de San José, las cuales, optaron por especialidades que tradicionalmente son profesiones masculinas. A través del estudio, se presentan detalles, opiniones y sucesos que muestran cómo se perciben a sí mismas estas jóvenes y cómo las ven sus compañeros y familiares.
Según la investigación, las adolescentes participantes en el estudio, manifiestan que existen limitaciones y controles, normalmente aplicados a las mujeres, que interfieren con su desarrollo y con seguir la profesión de su agrado. Además, el papel femenino tradicional y el machismo, hacen que se dificulten aún más las cosas; entre estas percepciones, está el ideal de "mujer bella", la mujer vista como un objeto sexual, la mujer-madre y la idea de que los hombres pueden realizar trabajos más pesados porque son más fuertes.
Por lo tanto, para las adolescentes que ingresan a una carrera que normalmente es concebida para hombres, afrontan, además de la problemática de esta edad, la integración de dos dimensiones femeninas contrapuestas entre sí. Al parecer, la buena relación de estas muchachas con la figura paterna, y el haber tenido una infancia bastante libre, repercute en la elección vocacional que han realizado.
Por otra parte, la educación técnica es visualizada por estas jóvenes, como una posibilidad de certificarse en una institución prestigiosa y asumir un trabajo que les permita costearse sus estudios universitarios. Además, especializarse en oficios identificados como masculinos, les permite obtener reconocimiento y prestigio como mujeres no tradicionales y la posibilidad de una mejor remuneración futura.
ABSTRACT: This report puts forth definitions of femininity and masculinity and the implications that such principals are connected to the Costa Rican socio-cultural sphere especially in relation to vocational choice. The study was carried out with the participation of nine adolescents from three technical high schools in San José who opted for specialties that are traditionally male. Through the study, details, opinions and events are presented which show how these young women perceive themselves and how their peers and family see them. According to the research, the adolescents participating in the study report that there are limitations and controls, normally applied to women, that interfere with their development and the profession they like. Moreover, the role of traditional female and machismo make things even more difficult; among these perceptions, there is the ideal of "beautiful woman", the woman seen as a sexual object, the mother-woman and the idea that men can perform heavier jobs because they are stronger. Thus, for female adolescents enrolling in a career that is normally designed for men, they face, in addition to the issue of age, the integration of two opposing female dimensions. It seems that the good relationship between these girls and the father figure, and the fact that they had a very open childhood, has an impact on the vocational choice they have made. On the other hand, technical education is seen by these young females as an opportunity to be certified from a prestigious institution and take on a job that allows them to pay for their university studies. In addition, specializing in jobs thought of as for males allows them to gain recognition and prestige as non-traditional women and the possibility of better future compensation.
ABSTRACT: This report puts forth definitions of femininity and masculinity and the implications that such principals are connected to the Costa Rican socio-cultural sphere especially in relation to vocational choice. The study was carried out with the participation of nine adolescents from three technical high schools in San José who opted for specialties that are traditionally male. Through the study, details, opinions and events are presented which show how these young women perceive themselves and how their peers and family see them. According to the research, the adolescents participating in the study report that there are limitations and controls, normally applied to women, that interfere with their development and the profession they like. Moreover, the role of traditional female and machismo make things even more difficult; among these perceptions, there is the ideal of "beautiful woman", the woman seen as a sexual object, the mother-woman and the idea that men can perform heavier jobs because they are stronger. Thus, for female adolescents enrolling in a career that is normally designed for men, they face, in addition to the issue of age, the integration of two opposing female dimensions. It seems that the good relationship between these girls and the father figure, and the fact that they had a very open childhood, has an impact on the vocational choice they have made. On the other hand, technical education is seen by these young females as an opportunity to be certified from a prestigious institution and take on a job that allows them to pay for their university studies. In addition, specializing in jobs thought of as for males allows them to gain recognition and prestige as non-traditional women and the possibility of better future compensation.
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MUJERES, ADOLESCENTES, ELECCIÓN DE UNA OCUPACIÓN, WOMEN, ADOLESCENTS, CAREER CHOICE