Evaluación de la salud física en niños y jóvenes de la educación general básica.
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1998
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IIMEC
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Con el objetivo de desarrollar normas en relación con los componentes de la salud física para estudiantes de la educación general básica y diversificada, así como describir los hábitos de actividad física y alimentación, este informe da cuenta del diagnóstico que se llevó a cabo para este fin con 5153 estudiantes de 13 a 17 años. Dicho diagnóstico consistió en aplicar cuatro pruebas físicas (resistencia cardiovascular, flexibilidad, fuerza-resistencia muscular y composición corporal) a todos los estudiantes y un instrumento sobre hábitos de actividad en el tiempo libre y alimentación a los estudiantes de 16 y 17 años. Con el propósito de que estuvieran representadas las diferencias geográficas y los patrones de vida cotidiana, se dividió el país en cuatro zonas: Central (cabeceras de San José, Heredia, Alajuela y Cartago), Norte (región norte de Heredia y Alajuela), Pacífico (Guanacaste y Puntarenas) y Atlántico (Limón y parte de Cartago). Las instituciones educativas se clasificaron en urbanas, rurales y urbano-marginales. Las pruebas fueron aplicadas por cuatro sujetos en todo el país. En cuanto a los resultados, se observa una tendencia al aumento de la grasa corporal en las mujeres conforme avanzan en edad, mientras en los hombres la tendencia es a la inversa. La razón parece ser los cambios fisiológicos propios de la pubertad aunados a una reducción del tiempo dedicado a la actividad física por parte de las mujeres. Para ambos sexos, los promedios de tiempo en la prueba de resistencia cardiovascular tienden a mejorar con la edad; sin embargo, en las mujeres esta mejoría no es tan acentuada. También los niveles de flexibilidad tienden a mejorar con la edad tanto en hombres como en mujeres, aunque el de las mujeres es ligeramente superior. En lo concerniente a la fuerza-resistencia muscular, los hombres muestran una mejoría ligada a una mayor edad, mientras que en las mujeres no se observa este fenómeno. En general, los hombres presentan mejores promedios en las pruebas que las mujeres, excepto en la de flexibilidad, y reportan realizar mayor actividad física, así como ver más televisión. En este sentido, de los tres hábitos incluidos en el estudio (actividad física, ver televisión y leer y estudiar), ambos sexos dedican más tiempo a ver televisión que a los otros dos. Las mujeres tienden a tener dietas más saludables (frutas y vegetales) que los hombres (carne y harinas). El estudio presenta varias tablas con las normas nacionales por sexo y edad, y recomienda una mayor promoción de una vida físicamente activa y una dieta balanceada entre los jóvenes.
ABSTRACT: With the objective of developing standards in relation to the components of physical health for students of basic and diversified general education, as well as describing the habits of physical activity and eating, this report gives an account of the diagnosis that was carried out for this purpose. with 5153 students from 13 to 17 years old. This diagnosis consisted of applying four physical tests (cardiovascular resistance, flexibility, muscular strength-resistance and body composition) to all students and an instrument on leisure time and feeding habits to students 16 and 17 years old. With the purpose of representing geographical differences and patterns of daily life, the country was divided into four zones: Central (headwaters of San José, Heredia, Alajuela and Cartago), North (northern region of Heredia and Alajuela), Pacific (Guanacaste and Puntarenas) and Atlántico (Limón and part of Cartago). The educational institutions were classified as urban, rural and urban-marginal. The tests were applied by four subjects throughout the country. Regarding the results, there is a tendency to increase body fat in women as they progress in age, while in men the tendency is the other way around. The reason seems to be the physiological changes of puberty together with a reduction in the time spent on physical activity by women. For both sexes, the time averages in the cardiovascular endurance test tend to improve with age; However, in women this improvement is not so marked. Flexibility levels also tend to improve with age in both men and women, although that of women is slightly higher. Regarding muscle strength-resistance, men show an improvement linked to an older age, while in women this phenomenon is not observed. In general, men have better test averages than women, except for flexibility, and report more physical activity, as well as watching more television. In this sense, of the three habits included in the study (physical activity, watching television and reading and studying), both sexes spend more time watching television than the other two. Women tend to have healthier diets (fruits and vegetables) than men (meat and flour). The study presents several tables with national norms by sex and age, and recommends a greater promotion of a physically active life and a balanced diet among young people.
ABSTRACT: With the objective of developing standards in relation to the components of physical health for students of basic and diversified general education, as well as describing the habits of physical activity and eating, this report gives an account of the diagnosis that was carried out for this purpose. with 5153 students from 13 to 17 years old. This diagnosis consisted of applying four physical tests (cardiovascular resistance, flexibility, muscular strength-resistance and body composition) to all students and an instrument on leisure time and feeding habits to students 16 and 17 years old. With the purpose of representing geographical differences and patterns of daily life, the country was divided into four zones: Central (headwaters of San José, Heredia, Alajuela and Cartago), North (northern region of Heredia and Alajuela), Pacific (Guanacaste and Puntarenas) and Atlántico (Limón and part of Cartago). The educational institutions were classified as urban, rural and urban-marginal. The tests were applied by four subjects throughout the country. Regarding the results, there is a tendency to increase body fat in women as they progress in age, while in men the tendency is the other way around. The reason seems to be the physiological changes of puberty together with a reduction in the time spent on physical activity by women. For both sexes, the time averages in the cardiovascular endurance test tend to improve with age; However, in women this improvement is not so marked. Flexibility levels also tend to improve with age in both men and women, although that of women is slightly higher. Regarding muscle strength-resistance, men show an improvement linked to an older age, while in women this phenomenon is not observed. In general, men have better test averages than women, except for flexibility, and report more physical activity, as well as watching more television. In this sense, of the three habits included in the study (physical activity, watching television and reading and studying), both sexes spend more time watching television than the other two. Women tend to have healthier diets (fruits and vegetables) than men (meat and flour). The study presents several tables with national norms by sex and age, and recommends a greater promotion of a physically active life and a balanced diet among young people.
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SALUD, EJERCICIO, PRUEBAS, NIÑOS, ADOLESCENTES, EDUCACIÓN, HEALTH, EXERCISE, TESTING, CHILDREN, TEENS, EDUCATION